The bibliography list is produced with the thebibliography environment. This is a rather special form of list making environment, which will also produce its own heading. A simple example is: 1
\begin{thebibliography}{Rubinsteinetal}
\bibitem[Knuth86]{knuth}
Donald E Knuth, {\em The \TeX book}, Addison-Wesley, 1986,
ISBN 0-201-13447-0
\bibitem[Lamport86]{lamport}
Leslie Lamport, {\em \LaTeX\ A Document Preparation System},
Addison-Wesley, 1986, ISBN 0-201-15790-X
\bibitem[Rubinstein88]{rubinstein}
Richard Rubinstein, {\em Digital Typography: An Introduction to
Type and Composition for Computer System Design}, Addison-Wesley,
1988, ISBN 0-201-17633-5
\end{thebibliography}
1.3The argument of the thebibliography environment should be
a piece of text which is slightly wider than the widest item
in the list.
Each \bibitem entry must have an associated label that can
be referenced from the \cite command (see below). It may
also have an optional argument preceding this (in square brackets)
that is used to define the user's own reference labels that will
appear in the document. If this is not used, then as a default
will produce numerical reference
labels, so that in this case the argument
for the thebibliography environment need only be a short
string such as {100}.
The bibliography is most easily maintained by storing it in a separate file such as biblio.tex. This form is used in the root file example given at the beginning of this chapter.
Citations
are
produced by the \cite command. Associated with the
\cite command is a label, which is used to provide
a reference to an entry in the bibliographic database.
As an example, using the above items, the phrase
... in the \TeX book \cite{knuth} ...
would appear as
...in thebook [Knuth86] ...
Running produces a number of files, one of which, the
auxiliary (.aux) file, includes cross referencing
information.
The .aux file is also used in the creation of the table of
contents (.toc), and the lists of figures (.lof) and
tables (.lot). Modifications to your document which effect
the table of contents, etc are incorporated the second time around. For
example, the \tableofcontents command, which appears in the
preamble, tells
to create a new .toc file and use
the previous one (if any exists) to generate the contents page
for inclusion in the current document. The .toc file,
therefore, is one step out of phase with the document and consequently a
second run is required.
in effect is a two-pass compiler.